spanish interview essays

spanish interview essays Conservacin del espa Cuando yo entreviste a mi abuelita, fue una experiencia muy educativo porque no me dio la respuesta que yo pensaba que me iba a dar. Yo le pregunte si pensaba que era importante hablar el espa que sà ­. La razn que ella me dio ere que porque era muy importante poder comunicarlos uno con el otro, hay muchas personas en cual no saben hablar otro idioma solamente el espan me dijo que sà ­. Por la razn que ella piensa que es importante conservar nuestro idioma, para que no los olvidemos quienes somos y de donde venimos. Otra respuesta que me dio es porque los hijos y nietos tambin en estos dà ­as entre mas lenguajes sepan, mas oportunidades tiene uno para ser s algo mejor en su carrera y en su vida profesional. Lo que me sorprendi de la entrevista fue que ella no pens que el espas importante en estos dà ­as. Para ella era ms importante aprender el ingles para ser mas avanzada en los Estados Unidos. Ella me contesta, "La mejorà ­a de la gente en este paà ­s y alrededor del mundo s abe ingles, y nosotros para salir adulante tenemos que adaptarlos para que no los quedemos atrs del resto del mundo. El espan es bueno hablar el ingles y aprender mas lenguajes si uno puede, y no limitarlos a solamente el espan leer y escribir para no olvidar ...

5 visas para estudiar high school en Estados Unidos

5 visas para estudiar high school en Estados Unidos Muchos padres de otros paà ­ses desean que sus hijos cursen un aà ±o de high school en Estados Unidos. Si eres uno de ellos y te preguntas quà © visa se requiere, debes saber que hay varias opciones.  Tambià ©n es importante saber cul no se deberà ­a utilizar, ya que es una violacià ³n migratoria que puede dar lugar a problemas graves. En este artà ­culo se brinda informacià ³n sobre todas las visas americanas que permiten estudiar en Estados Unidos con anlisis detallado de cada una de ellas, con sus ventajas e inconvenientes y las visas que son derivadas de à ©sas. Adems, se explica los posibles problemas de estudiar con una visa de turista. Tipos de visas americanas que permiten estudiar high school en Estados Unidos Son las siguientes: J-1, que es una visa de intercambio con un programa que permite estudiar.  F-1, que es una visa de estudiante acadà ©mico.F-3, una visa exclusivamente para mexicanos y canadienses.  M-1,visa para estudios vocacionales y tà ©cnicos.M-3, visa para estudios vocacionales para mexicanos y canadienses. Cada visa tiene sus propias reglas, por lo que debe saberse cul es la que mejor se adapta a las necesidades de cada estudiante.   Visas J-1 para estudiar high school en Estados Unidos Bajo el nombre de visas J-1 de intercambio se encuentran programas muy diversos entre sà ­. Entre ellos, el que permite a los estudiantes internacionales realizar estudios de secundaria en los Estados Unidos. Sus principales caracterà ­sticas son: El dà ­a en que comienzan las clases el estudiante debe tener ms de 15 aà ±os de edad y menos de 18 aà ±os y seis meses. Adems, como mximo, el estudiante sà ³lo puede haber completado 11 grados (cursos) a contar desde el inicio de la educacià ³n obligatoria en su paà ­s. Mientras realiza sus estudios en Estados Unidos, el estudiante internacional no puede vivir en casa de familiares o de amigos de la familia. Obligatoriamente debe alojarse en un internado o con una familia estadounidense de acogida designada por los administradores del programa. Se puede estudiar en una escuela pà ºblica o en una privada, pero no se puede haber estudiado previamente en Estados Unidos ni con una visa J-1 ni con una F-1 en programas acadà ©micos por un aà ±o o en semestres de intercambio, pero sà ­ en programas de estudios de inglà ©s en verano o semejantes. Los estudiantes internacionales pueden, previa autorizacià ³n, participar en actividades extraescolares deportivas. Pero no pueden trabajar, salvo actividades espordicas como cuidar nià ±os, conocido en inglà ©s como baby-sitting. Por à ºltimo, es imprescindible para obtener la visa J-1 iniciar los trmites a travà ©s de una organizacià ³n autorizada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Es frecuente que fuera de los Estados Unidos existan organizaciones que colaboran con las estadounidenses para reclutar alumnos o facilitar la tramitacià ³n de  todos los papeles necesarios. Pero los patrocinadores reales de esta visa son siempre los expresamente mencionados en el listado de Designated Sponsor Organizations. Para encontrar los que aplican especà ­ficamente a este programa, en la opcià ³n de Program, clickar en la flecha y buscar  la opcià ³n de Secondary School Students. Se inicia todo el proceso contactando con una de esas organizaciones. En otras palabras, no se puede solicitar la visa al consulado o a la embajada sin tener documentacià ³n previa que obligatoriamente deben dar una de las organizaciones patrocinadoras. La visa F-1 para estudiar high school en Estados Unidos La visa F-1 es utilizada frecuentemente por los estudiantes internacionales que desean residir con un familiar, por ejemplo, tà ­os o abuelos, mientras estn cursando sus estudios, pero la puede utilizar cualquier estudiante internacional de high school que no desee estar limitado por las reglas de la visa J-1, explicadas en el prrafo anterior.   Para estudiar la secundaria con este tipo de visa hay que conocer las reglas: En primer lugar, sà ³lo se puede estudiar la secundaria, es decir, grados 9 a 12. No se puede solicitar una visa F-1 para cursar estudios en primaria. En segundo lugar, sà ³lo se puede cursar un aà ±o acadà ©mico por un mximo de 12 meses. Este là ­mite sà ³lo aplica a escuelas pà ºblicas pero no a las privadas o a programas para estudio de inglà ©s. En tercer lugar, es  obligatorio pagar el costo de la educacià ³n a la escuela. Esto es asà ­ aà ºn cuando se trate de high schools pà ºblicas. Por ley no se puede ignorar este requerimiento. El costo varà ­a de escuela a escuela y puede ir de los $3,000 a los $10,000.   Y en cuarto lugar, antes de solicitar la visa es necesario contactar con la high school que debe emitir un documento que se conoce como I-20 para iniciarse asà ­ el proceso de la peticià ³n. Es decir, primero se es admitido y luego se solicita al consulado el otorgamiento de la visa. La visa F-3 para mexicanos y canadienses Los estudiantes mexicanos y canadienses  o los residentes legales que residen en Mà ©xico o Canad y que residen a lo largo de la frontera on Estados Unidos y que desean realizar estudios en una institucià ³n fronteriza pueden solicitar una visa F-3, que es muy similar pero distinta en sus requerimientos a una visa F-1. Uno de las limitaciones ms importantes a tener en cuenta es que no se puede elegir estudiar en cualquier high school sino que la escuela elegida debe estar como mximo a 75 millas de la frontera. Adems, es obligatorio que el estudiante conserve su residencia en su paà ­s de origen. Visas M-1 y M-3 La visa M-1 permite realizar en Estados Unidos estudios vocacionales y tà ©cnicos, es decir, no acadà ©micos, por ejemplo, relacionados con Mà ºsica, Arte, Cocina, etc. Sus reglas son similares a las de la F-1, aunque no iguales. Para solicitarla primero es necesario haber sido  admitido previamente en el programa que se desea cursar y obtener el documento que se conoce como I-20 que debe emitir la escuela. Sà ³lo a continuacià ³n se puede pedir la visa M-1 en el consulado correspondiente. La visa M-3 es un hà ­brido entre la M-1 y la F-3 y permite a los mexicanos y canadienses que residen en una ubicacià ³n cercana a la frontera con Estados Unidos cursar en este paà ­s estudios vocacionales o tà ©cnicos. Visas derivadas de las de estudiantes y quià ©n se puede beneficiar de ellas En Estados Unidos, las  visas temporales de trabajo, de estudios, de intercambio o de inversià ³n permiten que los cà ³nyuges y los  hijos menores de 21 aà ±os que estn solteros de las personas que tienen esas visas pueden acompaà ±arlos con lo que se conoce como una visa derivada. Por ejemplo, una investigadora con visa J-1 puede viajar a Estados Unidos con su cà ³nyuge, y à ©ste tendrà ­a una visa J-2. Sin embargo, en el caso que trata este artà ­culo, es decir, visas para estudiantes de high school, es altamente improbable que se solicite una visa derivada, por la edad del beneficiario de la visa.   Sin embargo, los padres del estudiante internacional no tiene derecho a una visa derivada. En otras palabras, no puede obtener una visa porque quiere estar en Estados Unidos acompaà ±ando a hijo o su hija mientras à ©ste est completando sus estudios. Error de estudiar en EEUU con estatus  de turista Por decisià ³n de la Corte Suprema todas las escuelas pà ºblicas estn obligadas a admitir estudiantes que viven en su distrito escolar. Esto es asà ­ para evitar que los nià ±os indocumentados se queden sin escolarizar. Pero esta regla es a veces abusada por estudiantes internacionales que estudian en escuelas pà ºblicas cuando se encuentran en los Estados Unidos en condicià ³n de turistas, ya porque tienen una visa B2 o porque son ciudadanos de paà ­ses que pueden ingresar a USA sin visa. Cuando se produce esta situacià ³n se est cometiendo una violacià ³n migratoria y, si es descubierta o se sospecha de esta situacià ³n los oficiales migratorios en la frontera estn autorizados para prohibirle el ingreso a Estados Unidos y a cancelarle la visa.   Asimismo se estn dando casos en los que cuando se detecta una de estas situaciones tambià ©n se cancela la visa americana a los padres del estudiante, si la tuvieran.   Y lo cierto es que una vez que se produce la cancelacià ³n de la visa por esta causa no es fcil que el consulado emita una nueva. Por esta razà ³n y porque es una ilegalidad migratoria, los estudiantes internacionales de high school deben ingresar a USA con la visa correcta. La à ºnica excepcià ³n es cuando se ingresa de vacaciones y se asiste a clases con carcter recreacional y siempre por menos de 19 horas a la semana. Convalidaciones, homologaciones y salto a college A la hora de estudiar en un paà ­s extranjero es importante conocer las reglas de homologacià ³n de estudios tanto de Estados Unidos como del propio paà ­s. Estas son las organizaciones que pueden convalidar para estudiar en USA. Por à ºltimo, si despuà ©s de estudiar la high school se desea continuar en un college o universidad, estos son los requisitos que se piden para tener à ©xito en la admisià ³n. Es un proceso complejo que conviene empezar con tiempo de antelacià ³n . Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Protecting Emergency Responders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Protecting Emergency Responders - Essay Example Responders First responders are people within the community who have been trained to answer to emergency calls until the ambulance service arrives. They are trained to provide basic life support to patients with various conditions and to accident or disaster victims. First responders may include medical, police and fire personnel. It is paramount for them to be accessible, reliable and have a 24 hour communication line. They normally have a call centre tailored with best practices, latest reference materials and plans for emergency. Second responders, on the other hand, are workers who assist in recovery after accidents, natural or man-made disasters. They provide vital assistance in restoring the sites after recovery operations have been completed. They are the people who ensure free flow of traffic, bringing back to normal business activities as well as public services such as infrastructure, health care institutions and building operations. Their main purpose is to ensure life is brought back to normal in public and private sector setups; most of them are drawn from skilled construction workforce (Interagency Threat Assessment and Coordination Group). Need For Emergency Response Training A response plan for an emergency is of structural necessity for the management of any critical situations. It is regrettable that some of these structures are never put in place, not until a disaster or major accident happens. This, most of the time, leads to negative consequences like loss of life and property that would otherwise be avoided if proper mechanisms are put in place to address those unforeseen occurrences (LaTourrette). Many countries and organizations that have come to the realization of the importance of planning for emergency response have detailed structures and policies for disaster preparedness. The structures that have been put in place must be tested and reviewed from time to time; many volunteers should be trained and properly equipped at all times. Th e disaster preparedness should include all levels of catastrophes, for example, the earthquake that hit Japan last year in March, the hurricane that hit Florida in 2005, the recent winter storm in Europe and the very common terrorist attacks. Training and Testing The emergency response plan of an organization or country has now been well put in place and finalized, passed to all relevant personnel and properly incorporated into a standard operating blueprint. The plan cannot work on its own unless a well coordinated training is provided and properly tested before exercising it in a real emergency situation. Testing the plan helps in identifying the weaknesses, efficiency of the equipment and materials and the ability of the personnel to respond to a real disaster. If any inherent weaknesses are identified, then corrections are done before moving to the critical stage of training. The first thing to consider in the training process is the people who are to provide the actual training . If you look at the magnitude of the earthquake that hit Japan last year and the hurricane, you will discover that training would require highly trained personnel who have experience in similar situations in other parts of the world. The trainers must be able to prepare the people psychologically to handle disasters of Japan’s magnitude. They can be doctors who have served in the military or otherwise, community nurses, paramedical staff, trained personnel from

Basics of Entity Relationship Modeling Assignment

Basics of Entity Relationship Modeling - Assignment Example Entity-relationship diagrams mostly used during design stage to identify system elements and their relationships. We must identify business entities, attributes, and relationships. Entities are something about which data is recorded. It is represented in ER diagrams by rectangles and named using singular nouns. Attributes are property trait or characteristic of an entity. Top level ER diagrams do not include attribute for easiness. Relationship describes how business entities interact. From the given business scenario, Department has a one to many relationship with employees and royers. This is because department can employ many employees and each employee is assigned to one department. However, relationship between department and royers is optional since some are not assign any specific department. On the other hand, employee has a one to one relationship with department because one department can be managed my one employee. Division has a one to many relationship with department be cause one division can operate many departments and one division can operate each department. Since division can be managed by one employee, their association is a one to one relationship. Employees has a one to many relationship with projects. This is because many projects can be assigned to one employee to work on it. Also, one project must be assign to one employee. Client has a one to many relationship with project since one client can sponsor many project. The following is an entity relationship diagram for the given business scenario.

Psychological Testing Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

Psychological Testing Article Analysis Essay Psychological testing is a tool to properly assess behaviors and characteristics of individuals. Results of psychological testing are often presented through statistical tables that allow evaluation and comparison of the different variables tested against set norms. This paper will review an article lifted from the Health Psychology journal and determine the appropriateness of the psychological testing instruments used in the study. For this purpose, the article chosen is â€Å"Evolution of Biopsychosocial Model: Prospects and Challenges for Health Psychology† written by Jerry Suls and Alex Rothman in 2004. Article Summary The Biopsychosocial Model has enabled health psychologists in the search for a multi-level, multi-system approach to human functioning (Suls Rothman, 2004). This idea is based on the premise that there is an intrinsic relationship between what is physical, psychological and social. However according to the research of Suls and Rothman, there are marked challenges that the model faces that have essentially impeded the progress of its full potential as a research, intervention and practice tool. The article’s ultimate goal was to determine what can be done to ensure the continuous refinement and evolution of the biopsychosocial model (Suls Rothman, 2004). As a means to determine the viability of the biopsychosocial model as a multi-faceted instrument to help explain an individual’s health psychology, Suls and Rothman resorted to the use of statistical tests in psychology. By conducting frequency tests and factor analysis, the team of Suls and Rothman came up with a list of recommendations in the model’s areas of research, training, policy and funding, and practice. These recommendations are to further utilization of the links between biological, psychological, social, and even macro-cultural variables, with the ultimate aim of enhancing health (2004). Through the tests five issues were also identified to be crucial in the progress of the biopsychosocial model as a legitimate approach to health assessment. The article concluded by highlighting the various advancements in health psychology, particularly with the biopsychosocial model. However, Suls and Rothman stressed that the full potential of the model in terms of the ability to advance the theory and practice remain untapped (2004). Only a strong commitment to the model and it implications would establish long-term success of its involvement in health psychology (Suls Rothman, 2004). Psychological Testing Instruments Used The article of Suls and Rothman did not explicitly discuss the test they used to assess the biopsychosocial model. In spite of this, it can be deduced from the tables they presented and the discussion of their findings that they relied on statistical tests in psychology in data-gathering. Statistical tests are commonly used to analyze results of a psychological research (Green D’Oliveria, 1982). In fact many social sciences, particularly psychology, necessitate the use of statistical inference to explain findings (Meehl, 1967). In this particular article where the bulk of the fact-finding are based on peer research, two statistical tests in psychology were used. Suls and Rothman conducted frequency tests two times in their research study. Frequency tests are the most helpful tool when comparing data against each other (Lane, 2004). Through frequency tests, marked differences in independent variables are clearly distinguished. To measure the progression of the biopsychosocial model as a accepted concept in health psychology, Suls and Rothman conducted a frequency test on the use of the term â€Å"biopsychosocial† in journals and articles of Medline from 1974 to 2001, totals of which were group into a 3-year period interval (2004). Suls and Rothman likewise applied a frequency test to measure the integration of behavioral approaches to medical science in the study (2004). They reviewed articles in 4 major medical journals namely New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, and the Annals of Internal Medicine between the years of 1974 and 2001 (Suls and Rothman, 2004). Once again, they grouped the results into 3-year period intervals. From the raw frequency scores collected, they were able to produce a frequency polygon. A frequency polygon is the best way to present data gathered from frequency tests because it shows the shape of distribution of measured variables (Lane, 2004). Apart from frequency tests, Suls and Rothman also used factor analysis test. Factor analysis is one of the most commonly used statistical tests in various disciplines. It is used to determine patterns of relationships between variables (Gorsuch, 1983). In the area of psychology, factor analysis is commonly applied in intelligence research but it can also be used in other areas, like personality, behavior, belief, and even theory assessment. In this instance, factor analysis was used to assess the attitude of health psychologists towards the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model is dependent on the interaction between the biological, psychological, and social factors within an individual (Suls and Rothman, 2004). Suls and Rothman theorized that health psychologists are more likely to focus heavily on the psychological factor alone in the biopsychosocial model (2004). Therefore they used factor analysis to measure the presence of all the factors in articles written within a 12-month period, November 2001-September 2002 in Health Psychology. This particular application is called confirmatory factor analysis. It is used when the concern is to determine the number of variables that conform to a pre-determined theory set (Gorsuch, 1983). The value of this test is to assess the validity of preconceived ideas. In the case of Suls and Rothman’s study, it is the leaning of health psychologists towards psychological factors to assess an individual’s health. The article of Suls and Rothman did not make use of any standardized psychological testing instruments. The reason may be due to the fact that it is a study aimed at determining the advancement of a framework of health assessment. However, they still integrated valuable statistical testing in psychology to explain clearly the findings they have gathered. Effectiveness of the Psychological Testing Instruments Used The main premise of Suls and Rothman’s article is that the biopsychosocial model has proven remarkably successful in shaping the way health psychologists view an individual’s overall functioning (Suls and Rothman, 2004). To prove this point, the team proceeded to measure the familiarity of the concept among health psychologists by reviewing published journals in Medline, and four other notable medical journals. The raw data collected was then subjected to different statistical tests commonly applied in the field of psychology. From there Suls and Rothman were able to formulate recommendations vital to the advancement of the biopsychosocial model as a valid instrument in health assessment. The effectiveness of psychological testing is based mainly on two factors, validity and reliability. Validity measures the soundness of a test against its set objectives. On the other hand reliability measures the accuracy of the test in terms of producing consistent results. To determine whether the result of psychological testing is effective, researchers usually turn to statistical tests. In this case where no standardized psychological testing instruments were used, the effectiveness of the study may be directly correlated with the quality of the results produced by the statistical tests used by Suls and Rothman. Suls and Rothman resorted to frequency test to explain their findings on the use of â€Å"biopsychosocial† as a term in medical journals. The test confirmed their initial assumption that the biopsychosocial model has helped in advancing health psychology in the last 25 years. The frequency test showed a consistent rise in the use of â€Å"biopsychosocial† as a term in medical journals. However, Suls and Rothman are quick to stress that this may also be due to the increase of the number of articles published that deal with behavior in recent years (2004). They also used frequency test to assess the integration of behavioral approach to medical science (Suls Rothman, 2004). The results attested as well to the increased integration of behavioral approaches to medical science in the last 30 years (Suls Rothman, 2004). Finally a factor analysis test was conducted to determine the reliance of health psychologists on the variables essential to the biopsychosocial model. The factor analysis test clearly showed that health psychologists are still biased in considering psychological issues over biological, and even social. This correctly proved the initial postulation of Suls and Rothman. Considering that the statistical tests in psychology used in the research of Suls and Rothman ably supported their theory, it can be said that they were effective. However, since the study is mostly a review of journals it is not enough to completely determine the actual advancement of the biopsychosocial model as a tool for health assessment. George Schwartz in his book suggested that the biopsychosocial model faces a challenge with the use of empirical testing (1982). Empirical testing is a vital component to any psychological research. Another is that the model remains a concept in research. It has yet to transcend from research to practice, then back to research (Keefe, Buffington, Studts Rumble, 2002). This is when the recommendations of Suls and Rothman become important. They were able to identify important areas that are tangible and measurable that will help in the transition of the model from a mere conceptual framework to a fully working tool in health assessment. As a stand-alone article, Suls and Rothman presented a thorough exposition of their chosen subject. However, based on the criteria of the article review, it did not meet the standards required. The fundamental component needed in the review is psychological testing in which the article did not have. On the other hand, the statistical tests were very helpful in understanding the basis of Suls’ and Rothman’s conclusion. Considering the statistical tests were properly chosen and used, it can be concluded that in the end the article of Suls and Rothman was a success. References Gorsuch, R. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Green, J. D’Oliveria, M. (1982). Learning to use statistical tests in psychology 3rd edition. NY: Open University. Keefe, F. , Buffington, A. , Studts, J. , Rumble, M. (2002). Behavioral medicine: 2002 and beyond. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 852-856. Lane, D. (2004, Augus 10). Frequency polygons. Connections. Retrieved August 25, 2010,

Begotten :: essays research papers

Emily Heiderberg never imagined anything bad would happen to her. In the novel, Begotten by W. James Richardson, she will learn to be forgiving and she teaches the people around her the same thing. There are many stories involved and they all started with the tragic incident that happened to Emily when she was at a family outing. An unforseen incident that would change the lives of the Heiderberg family, as well as the whole town of Detroit. Certainly this book is written for adults. The authour uses profanity and racial remarks, but it is necessary to tell the story in that manner. The bad language used by the characters shows their hate and anger, but also shows that some are willing to change their ways. Richardson's method of writing is kind of hard to comprehend at first. Every chapter would start off with a new character narrarating their story. You don't know who it is until a few sentences later. The chapter starts with a character, but some chapters would have two or three nararators with a couple paragraphs each character. Sometimes it would be confusing, but once I found out who was talking, I would sometimes have to reread the paragraph from the start to understand the situatiuon. Another thing that bothered, maybe it wasn't the authour's fault, was that many quotation marks were misplaced all over the book. the first few were tolerable, but after a while it got annoying. That bothered me much and like I said, I'm not sure if it was the author or the publisher. I don't really like the style, but it's what the author used to get many stories into one. One of the many stories in the book involves Emily Heiderberg. Misbegotten means unlawfully conceived, so it wouldn't be right to say that Emily is an important character in this book. Emily is a teenage girl with a bright future, but the things that happen to her dims that future. During the book she tries to overcome her fears and to become herself again. Her rape causes all certain problems to arise. Another character that is important is Hugo Heiderberg. He grew up hating all people that weren't with the idea of whites being the supreme race. He is retired Detroit police officer and a member of the Euro-Brothers Defense Society. He was part of the "Dirty Dozen", a groups of cops that were on trial for beating a black man.

Image Guided Micro-needle Steering System for Eye Surgery

Image Guided Micro-needle Steering System for Eye Surgery Abstraction: This paper proposes the design of a complete state-of-the-art image guided micro-needle ( ex. subcutaneous, or chamfer tip acerate leafs ) maneuvering system, which can automatically present anticoagulant drugs straight to the blood coagulums in the retinal vass ; or, can help sawboness in the arrangement of optic micro-stent by augmenting their capablenesss and cut downing restrictions by bring forthing: ( 1 ) an offline optimum three dimensional ( 3D ) surgical flight program ; and later ( 2 ) steer them by placing the mirco-needle in an offline 3D precise map of the oculus. The system specification includes: ( 1 ) a eye/head-surgical stationary tool positioning system: A dynamic, adaptable, and stable mechanical interface between the caput and the robotic surgical tool, ( 2 ) a 3D/4D multi-modal ocular system, ( 3 ) an intelligently constrained 3D surgical trajectory/path-planning system, and a ( 4 ) ocular servo based automated gesture accountant. Introduction and Motivation This subdivision of the proposal paper, briefly, introduces the assorted oculus jobs to foreground the technological restrictions, and later emphasizes the importance of developing a smart dedicated optic surgical unit. Glaucoma is an oculus status which affects and later amendss the ocular nervus, which transmits images to our encephalon. The status is often characterized by the buildup of unwanted force per unit area within our eyes ; this force per unit area is called the intraocular force per unit area ( IOP ) . Once developed, the state of affairs bit by bit worsens, and can ensue in lasting vision loss. IOP, normally, develops when the circulation of the aqueous wit fluid is interrupted – possibly the circulating channel is clogged. To alleviate such force per unit area, the usual surgical process involves easing the flight of this force per unit area through trabeculectomy. Although trabeculectomy is the surgical criterion, nevertheless, there are hazards of complications ; such as infection, escape, and annoyance. On the other manus, Canaloplasty is, besides, a feasible non-penetrating surgical process for glaucoma patients. The technique places a micro-catheter or tubing in the Schle mm Canal, which is the natural drainage pipe for our eyes. This enlarges the canal and thereby expeditiously reduces force per unit area. Retinal vena occlusion ( RVO ) is a sort of aneurism in the retinal vena, which hardens the arterias and frequently inspired the formation of blood coagulum. RVO are of two types ( 1 ) cardinal vena or ( CRVO ) , and ( 2 ) subdivision venas or BRVO ; it blocks the little retinal venas that carry blood from the retina. Retina, as we know, is an of import tissue bed in our interior oculus ; positioned at the dorsum of the oculus, it is covered with specialised nervus cells that react to visible radiation and it converts them into nervus signals and sends them to the encephalon. Intuitively, similar to Glaucoma, RVO develops unwanted force per unit area on the retinal system. The most common intervention involves presenting anticoagulant drugs straight to blood coagulums in retinal vass cite { 6micm } . A possible fresh solution can be the precise arrangement of micro stent to make a new or an alternate tract for the extra fluid to run out, thereby commanding and cut downing the IOP ( blood, or aqueous wit ) . The thought is really similar to the coronary angioplasty. However, steering a surgical instrument into such complex environment is really slippery and physically really hard, if non impossible. To call a few: ( 1 ) an eye/head-surgical tool comparative motion, ( 2 ) surgeon’s manus shudder, ( 3 ) scratch and sutura truth, and most significantly ( 4 ) hapless visibleness. Such restrictions lead us to the inquiry, â€Å" extit { How make you successfully plan such a complex micro surgical process? } † Intuitively, it is apprehensible that recognizing such fresh surgical process would necessitate development of smart instruments or newer engineering. Computer vision, unreal intelligence, and robotics, over the old ages, have significantly revolutionized minimally invasive surgery: No average sternotomy, less opportunity of infections, less bleeding, therefore fewer yearss for recovery cite { ex1, ex2, ex3, ex4 } . Therefore, it is logical to anticipate that robotics can supply such smart option by significantly magnifying human physical capacity by shudder reduction/elimination, vision sweetening, and supplying cognition of the instruments’ probabilistically precise spacial location during the surgery. In this proposal paper we would wish to suggest a futuristic image guided micro-needle guidance robotic model which is specially designed to cut down the aforesaid surgical restrictions involved in oculus surgery. The system specification includes: ( 1 ) a eye/head-surgical stationary tool positioning system: A dynamic, adaptable, and stable mechanical interface between the caput and the robotic surgical tool, ( 2 ) a 3D/4D multi-modal ocular system, ( 3 ) an intelligently constrained 3D surgical trajectory/path-planning system, and a ( 4 ) ocular servo based automated gesture accountant. The grounds for taking a acerate leaf based surgical system are inspired from similar successful medical applications. Acerate leafs have been widely used in medical intervention for presenting drugs, minimally invasive acquisition of subsurface tissue cite { ex5, ex6 } . Accurate arrangement and interpolation can significantly find the success of a process cite { ex6 } . However, practically, a clinician has limited control over the way of the acerate leaf, once it enters into the tissue. Therefore, the ability to maneuver a needle inside tissue could significantly better the effectivity of acerate leafs based processs cite { reed } . The following logical inquiry is, â€Å" extit { Why choosing a robotic-artificially intelligent solution model? } Typically needle interpolation involves complex contact based mechanical interactions between the acerate leaf and the tissue. Furthermore, the needle arrangement process, sometimes, a consecutive lined executable interpolation is non realizable due to the placement of assorted critical anatomical constructions. Therefore, intuitively, the job of surgical way planning would hold been a batch relieved if the acerate leaf was cleverly dirigible cite { reed } . The staying portion of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains the elaborate technology job and the associated environmental premises. Section 3 briefly outlines the cardinal mechanical design demand of the surgical unit: The Interface. Section 4 discusses the proposed novel 3D/4D multimodal ocular counsel system ; followed by the forced 3D surgical trajectory/path-planning system in subdivision 5. The ocular servo based optimum gesture accountant with be addressed in subdivision 6, followed by the decision in subdivision 7. The Engineering Problem and the Associated Assumptions To better understand the job, allow us visualise a medical exigency and futuristic robotic intercession. A pre-operative optical coherency tomographical ( OCT ) image of the retina indicates that a patient have retinal vena occlusion cite { 6micm, oct1 } . An offline 3D OCT based spacial map of the oculus was developed cite { oct1, oct2, oct3 } ; the map besides registered blood flow information based on Fourier sphere optical coherency tomographycite { oct4 } . Therefore, the optic Atlass would incorporate the vena construction and corresponding blood flow information. Based on the spacial place of the aneurism identified through the aforesaid offline optic 3D Atlass, an optimum surgical 3D plan/trajectory is determined cite { oct5 } . An image guided micro-needle ( ex. subcutaneous, or chamfer tip acerate leafs ) steering-robotic system, trusting on such information would automatically present anticoagulant drugs straight to the blood coagulums in the retinal vass ; or, can help sawboness in the arrangement of optic micro-stent by augmenting their capablenesss and cut downing restrictions by ( 1 ) cut downing shudder, ( 2 ) bring forthing an offline optimum three dimensional ( 3D ) surgical flight program, and later ( 3 ) steer them by placing the mirco-needle in an offline 3D OCT inspired theoretical account. Furthermore, the semi automated strategy would affect the surgeons’ having tactile feedback to enable tactual exploration and appropriate application of forces to weave cite { hap1 } . Therefore, the cloting drug is delivered automatically, or the optic micro-stent is placed semi-automatically. The premise of the system is that the patient undergoing the operation is, at least, locally anesthetized to immobilise the troubled oculus. The oculus palpebras are decently strapped, and the oculus is automatically held fixed with a microkeratome. Furthermore, as a safety step an oculus tracking device is invariably supervising the motion of the oculus and compensates consequently. The Interface: The Fundamental Mechanical Design Requirement The cardinal demands for the robotic unit are simple: ( 1 ) Zero comparative motion between the caput and the surgical acerate leaf, and ( 2 ) zero comparative motion between the acerate leaf and the oculus. This would be achieved automatically in a fresh manner. In the mechanical interface the acerate leaf based surgical unit is mounted on top of a stiff construction ; the construction is automatically attached to the caput. Therefore, any little motion of the caput is every bit translated in the acerate leaf. To contradict the quiver consequence, the surgical unit would hold its ain gesture feeling three dual-axis illumination MEMS accelerometers. An adaptative zero-phase filter will be implemented to separate the tremulous/vibrational motion from the intended controlled motion. Finally, the forward dynamic theoretical account would be feedback linked, through a PID gesture accountant, to the oculus tracking unit to guarantee robust steady coevals of control jurisprudence. The accountant would counterbalance for the comparative motions by debaring the acerate leaf in an equal but opposite gesture whihc minimizes a certain cost map. The cost map is related to the comparative motion of the tip from the coveted flight, this comparative motion can be detected by put ining a extremely magnified stereo imaging system. The apparatus would be really similar to the apparatus used to make the semiautomated intra-ocular optical maser surgery cite { ctrl1, ctrl2, ctrl3 } . However, in out instance acerate leaf is non seeable, therefore a shade acerate leaf will be tracked, where the comparative geometry between the shade acerate leaf and the existent acerate leaf is known. Other smarter accountant strategy, other than PID, can be used, nevertheless ; PID is the first to be tested. Towards aMulti-modalOffline Atlas for the Inter Ocular-Surgical Planning This subdivision explains the development of the fresh futuristic 3D/4D multimodal offline ocular representation of the human oculus. The thought is to unify complimentary imaging modes to make a 3D/4D offline map of the human oculus. The model consists of developing a 3D multimodal representation of the oculus, followed by extra 1D ocular augmentation by supplying vascular and corresponding blood/fluid flow information. The technique involves imaging the oculus utilizing three complimentary modes ( a ) Optical Coherence Tomography ( OCT ) , ( B ) Confocal Microscopy ( CM ) , and ( degree Celsius ) Ultrasound Biomicroscopy ( UBM ) ; these are all 3D imaging techniques, which provides complimentary information. OCT provides sub-millimeter declaration without the demand for ionising radiation and associated hazards, nevertheless, the built-in sprinkling of photons in the tissue leads to blurring of the acquired images cite { img11 } ; in add-on, OCT retinene imagination has been used to visualise the posterior pole in human eyes cite { img9 } . CM provides high declaration 3D images, rejects out-of-focus information, therefore ensuing in fuzz free images cite { img11 } . Finally, UBM uses high-frequency transducers to image organic structure structures at smaller deepness with a higher declaration cite { img11, img13, img14 } . These images are acquired offline, prior to the surgery, and registered uti lizing some technique to make elaborate 3D map of the oculus. The dimensional extension to 4D is achieved by overlapping blood flow and vascular information from extra imagination modes: ( a ) 3D Dual-beam-scan Doppler optical coherency angiography ( OCA ) , ( B ) Doppler optical coherency imaging ( OCT ) , ( degree Celsius ) Bioptigen spectral-domain OCT, and ( vitamin D ) 3D micro-computed imaging ( 3D micro-CT ) . OCA provides visual image of the vascular constructions cite { img3 } and has been shown to successfully image the microvasculature of the posterior portion of human oculus cite { img1 } . D-OCT, a derived function of OCT, can supply both structural 3D and functional blood flow information by uniting coherency gating and optical maser Doppler effects cite { img2 } . Furthermore, Fourier domain D-OCT techniques can bring forth 3D informations sets which can make 100s of 1000s of axial scans within a few seconds. These images can assist visualise the retinal and choroidal vasculature in 3D and, later compute absolute blood flow every bit good as entire retinal blood flow cite { img2, img3, img4 } . Finally, Bioptigen spectral-domain OCT and 3D micro-CT, both, have been used to image the 3D aqueous wit out flow information cite { img10 } . Constrained 3D/4D Surgical Trajectory/path-planning System The intraocular part of the human oculus is really complex, therefore the surgery would necessitate careful planning. We propose to implement the flight planning strategy see the extremely deformable kineticss of the environment cite { plan1 } . This technique uses optimum control technique and simulation to outputs the flight program which maximizes the chance of success while sing the uncertainly of the ( 1 ) distortion theoretical account, and ( 2 ) the systems’ noisy province detection, and ( 3 ) unpredictable propulsion strategy. The technique has been shown to be successful in FEM based surgical simulations affecting steering bevel-tip dirigible acerate leafs through pieces of deformable tissue around obstructions.

Societies have evolved a variety of structures for settling disputes

Settling disputes is a major part of politics and social control, which are vital for the harmonious function of any society. Different societies achieve this in different ways. In western state society formal offices are held and people given authority to judge and implement punishment or resolution. At the other end of the spectrum are the egalitarian societies, where authority is non-existent, no-one has any power to make anybody do anything, and inequality is very actively discouraged. There are a vast array of structures that come between the two extremes for example those that have a mixture of formal offices and informal methods. This essay examines first the structured court system of western state society, and then the less structured but still formal method of dispute settlement used by the Zapotec people of the Ralu'a village (or pueblo) in South America. This comparison shows that even though there are formal institutions in place in both societies, which may initially seem a poor comparison, however the objective with which they are used varies greatly and they are used to very different effect. The essay concludes that although we may initially think the more personalised approach of the Zapotec may have a more favourable outcome regarding social cohesion, it has to be recognised that such methods may not be practical or necessary in our western state society. First to consider is our own Western system for settling disputes. Western state society has a regulatory court system in which there are an extensive number of laws and sanctions that are formally codified (Peoples & Bailey, 2003). Our formalised system of regulation courts allows the use of physical coercion and the use of sanctions should people deviate from the norms that are ascribed to society. Different courts deal with differing types of disputes. The ability to settle a dispute is left almost exclusively to authority, and authority is central to the system's success. We have many appointed offices of people in authority to the general public, for example judges, police officers, which have power to manipulate and coerce others legitimately. The extensive set of depersonalised laws prevents the settling of disputes in ways that violate the legal principle of the culture, such as violence. Even verbal arguments in public may be considered breach of the peace, an offence for which people can be arrested and reprimanded. Disputes are turned into a very formal depersonalised matter, with the onus on discovering fault, placing blame and punishment; provocation for an act may be somewhat taken into account, but at the end of the day if you were provoked into doing wrong you still did wrong, and are still punished. Western state society court systems also serve as a preventative measure by making acts that could result in dispute illegal. For example, a person's property is protected through procedural laws regarding theft; laws against violence deter physical fights; people can even be fined for noise offences. Thus the system has a preventative element by not allowing things that aggravate or are even an expression of a dispute. Disputes can also be avoided through the use of restraining orders decreeing that a person may not go within a certain distance of anyone else; anything considered as breaching the peace or any law is a punishable offence regardless of the consequences. It is the consequences of individuals actions, not social disharmony, that motivates individuals toward a peaceful society. There is a great emphasis on power, control and authority. Breaking a law, however trivial, are still punished simply because they are forbidden. Recent emphasis on a ‘zero tolerance' strategy, a strategy where any act that potentially threatens authority, control and peace in society is punished. Punishment is not solely aimed at providing compensation, but importance is placed on punishment and reprimanding those in breach of the law, the idea of justice is paramount. Laws are in general absolute and universal; there is little room for movement in light of factors leading up to an act. Consider the murder convictions- there is a murder classified on a number of levels according to intent, intention and so on. Even the extenuating circumstances are formally codified. This is perhaps because of the size and anonymous nature of society- the idea of controlling a vast number and variety of people is more important than harmony and future relationships; a dispute does not have the same potential impact as in a small close knit society for societal relations. The only way to maintain harmony is via numerous substantive and procedural laws, and having total control over dispute settlements. How effective is the Western system? Through such extensive substantive and procedural laws we accept we are not in control of situations. There is an authority that can sort out disputes without things escalating too dangerously, and responsibility is removed from both disputants. However, I would consider it very rare if one person were to pass another person in the street that they had sued and they're to be any chance of a friendly exchange. The onus on placing blame means that one party is exonerated and the other incriminated, which can breed resentment. There is a clear cut line between right and wrong defined and decreed in the written procedural laws. Punishment for crimes are universal and there is clear legal principle that individuals are expected to adhere to. Deviance is punished regardless of its impact on society, instilling a code of conduct and the power of authority, which can work as a preventative measure. Punishments such as incarceration and fines may instil bitterness and a desire for revenge. The dispute is not really settled; more that blame has been officially placed and the plaintiff compensated. In comparison are the Zapotec Indians of Ralu'a village in South America studied by Laura Nader (Spradley & McCurdey, 2003). The Zapotec have a number of levels for settling disputes. They have a mediation court system, but a number of more informal methods that are encouraged before court is reached. There are a number of implicit procedural laws, but settlements are usually made on a case-by -case basis with no formalised codifying. Their basic legal principle is â€Å"to make the balance†. Our western legal systems focus primarily on placing blame, finding fault, and a relevant punishment for going against the culture's legal principle. The Zapotec are more concerned with maintaining the balance, finding a peaceful resolution, and the future relationships involved. Their aim is not to punish potential threats to the control of the state government but to maintain a harmonious, cohesive community. If someone has wronged another the aim of the Zapotec system is to provide a solution that suits all, so people do have to pay fines and there are consequences for actions, but they work to find a balance between justice and resentment. There are formalised institutions, of which there are a number of levels, for which disputes in Ralu'a can be settled, depending on the extent of the dispute and its seriousness. The first port of call is to take the dispute to the town hall, or municipio, to go before a group of principales and the presidente. The principales are a group of 13 nominated men that form an advisory group. Each year 3 men are nominated for the position of village chairman, the presidente. Although the system is technically a formal system, informality is maintained through the positions in the municipio being democratically decided and member being nominated. This way individual's taking their case to the municipio are more likely to respect the final settlement as those who are mediating are respected individuals, chosen by the community. The Zapotec have an interesting way of reining in the most problematic individuals by way of making them members of the town police, the head of which is the sindico, who is also responsible for running the communal work program of the pueblo. The policia consists of 12 members under two lieutenants and one chief of police. The chief of police is generally the roughest most disruptive man. This is the opposite of how western society works- responsibility, authority and influence is removed from troublemakers. Together, the sindico and presidente are able to settle the majority of disputes. The next level in the chain is the alcalde that presides over the justice of the peace, and settles the more serious disputes. The final port of call is the district court, which is seen as a last resort. Taking a dispute the municipio is more of a last resort as social pressure attaches shame and dishonour to those who resort to such measures. This social pressure encourages people in the community to sort out their own disputes before they reach a level requiring such intervention. Such an example is of a dispute regarding washing stones at a well. One female had chosen a washing stone next to her friend which was not her usual washing stone, when the owner arrived they angrily asked the woman to move, even though there were other free washing stones available. Tension increased and insults exchanged; eventually the whole village became involved taking sides, and other similar disputes arose. Water began to dry up at this well, and villagers believed this was a consequence of the women's dispute, and action had to be taken. A meeting of the Well Association was called in order to find a solution. The next time the women went to the well all the washing stones had been removed and replaced with concrete basins specifically allocated to no-one, and their use strictly based on a first-come-first-served basis. This way of settling the dispute was aimed at restoring the balance, at maintaining cohesion and harmony. The facts of the case were irrelevant, as was who was right or wrong and where the blame lay. However, the dispute was settled in a way that there would be no resentment between the women, and their relationships could be restored. The solution also provided a preventative measure to prevent such a dispute reoccurring. It will be interesting to compare the resolution of such a dispute in Zapotec society and western society. In Western state society it is likely that the second of the women who felt her washing stone had been taken unfairly would have employed a solicitor and lodged charges against the other women for stealing her washing stone. Assuming the case reached court lawyers would be employed to describe the facts to a judge, each side aiming to place blame on the other side. The judge would consult the various laws in order to decree who was at fault, or if any laws were broken. Blame would be ascribed and the dispute would be resolved by fines and punishments, however whether steps would be taken to prevent such a dispute re-occurring is debateable. Of course, such a dispute is unlikely to happen in western society due to the cultural differences. It is somewhat naive to suggest that the Zapotec's ways of settling disputes are more effective than our own, as we have to consider the vast differences in our societies. Cohesion is not nearly as vital to everyday life here as it is in smaller communities- disputes are resolved in a very individual way, which is impractical for larger populations- we could not consider intricately every detail of why someone may have hit someone else- we have to have definite boundaries. Hitting is thought of as wrong and not desirable for a peaceful community, thus the fact it is against the law simply prohibits violence regardless of the reason. This is a simple black and white law, and has consequences of which everyone is aware. The depersonalised system is consistent with the impersonal nature of our society. To conclude there are clear differences in the way each society tackles dispute settlement. There is the authoritative Western system that seeks prevention through a vast number of procedural and substantive laws with the primary aim of ensuring ‘justice' and punishment. Then there is the more informal system of the Zapotec Indians, who regard restoring the balance and future relationships as more important than placing the blame. I cannot see either system working in the other's community due to the vast cultural differences, and differences in population size, however they seem to prove effective for each individual society.

Elizabeth I essays

Elizabeth I essays Queen Elizabeth I was actually born named Elizabeth Tudor on September 7, 1533. She was born at Greenwich Palace and was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife (after Englands split from the Catholic Church), Anne Boleyn. She was crowned Queen of England on January14, 1559 and reigned for the next 44 years and 4 months. She was of average height, had red hair and brown eyes. Apparently she had a very pleasant smile, even with her black teeth. She is remembered by such names as the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess. Her childhood was a rather tumultuous one, with her father paying very little or no attention to her. Her governess had to even write to him saying that Elizabeth needed some clothes because all of the ones that she had were too small. Her mother was executed when she was 2 years old after being accused of adultery, incest etc. Basically Henry VII needed a way of getting rid of her for not bearing him a son. Elizabeth had three stepmothers in the first eight years of her life, two of who died. After her fathers death, the throne went to her Catholic half-sister Mary. But her policies if burning Protestants at the stake and an unsuccessful war with France, wherein she lost Callais, made her less than popular. She was always particularly suspicious of Elizabeth and kept her highly guarded after Thomas Wyatt launches a rebellion to ruin Marys plan to marry a Catholic Spaniard. Wyatt wanted Elizabeth to marry the Earl of Devon to keep Britain Protestant after Elizabeths ascension to t he throne. But when on trial, she was accused of being an accomplice of Wyatt, she proved her innocence. In her final years, Mary was unwillingly forced to acknowledge Elizabeth a successor to the throne. At age 25, she became Queen and now she would make all of the decisions. As Queen, She had many pastimes that kept her busy when she was not dealing with state matters. She played instru...

When Stalking Goes Online - Examples of Cyberstalking

When Stalking Goes Online s of Cyberstalking Most of us know what stalking is; what we don’t know is how pervasive it is. And with the advent of advanced technology and communications stalking just went cyber: In 2003 a US woman sought protection after claiming that someone had provided her personal information (including her description and location) to men via an online dating service. The victim discovered the identity theft when she was contacted by a man who said they had arranged a casual encounter through the Lavalife.com dating service. Shortly thereafter she was contacted by a second man following chat with her about arranging a separate encounter. She commented You dont even have to own a computer to be the victim of an Internet crime any more. A 44 year old publishing executive named Claire Miller was harassed by strangers who were responding to verging-on-pornographic promises someone had made in her name online. These postings included her home address and telephone number. A Glendale businessman stalked his ex-girlfriend using the GPS tracking device on a cell phone. He purchased a Nextel phone device that has a motion switch on it that turns itself on when it moves. As long as the device was on, it transmitted a signal every minute to the GPS satellite, which in turn sent the location information to a computer. The ex planted the phone underneath her car, paid for a service to send him the information and would log on to a website to monitor her location. The victim would suddenly ‘bump’ into him at the coffee shop, LAX, even the cemetery. She knew something was up - it wasn’t hard to realize as he was also phoning her 200 times a day - but police couldn’t help her. It was only when she called police after seeing him under her car that she got action (he was trying to change the cell phone battery). Amy Lynn Boyer was found by her stalker using online technology. Liam Youens was able to get Boyer’s place of employment and SSN by paying an online investigations agency a mere $154.00. They easily obtained her relevant information from a credit agency report and gave it to Youens. None of the people giving out Boyer’s personal information took responsibility to find out why Youens needed it. This is why: Youens went to Amy Boyer’s workplace, shot and killed her. These are some of the few documented cases of cyberstalking, when someone uses technology to maliciously target a specific victim with the intention harass, threat and intimidate. It’s just like â€Å"traditional† stalking, but totally anonymous, thanks to the sophisticated technology we rely on everyday. Cyberstalking Article Index: What is Cyberstalking?When Stalking Goes Online s of CyberstalkingCyberstalking and Women - Facts and StatisticsI Was a Victim of Cyberstalking - One Womans StoryCyberstalking, Spyware, and Privacy ProtectionCyberstalking and Your Credit RatingWhat is Datafurnishing?How Cyberstalkers Obtain Your Personal Information12 Tips To Protect Yourself From Cyberstalking

The interior structure of Venus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The interior structure of Venus - Essay Example Interior structure of Venus is therefore slightly different from the Earth`s. The reasons for this are partly to do with their core and partly it could basically have to do with their motion. Venus rotates very slowly and it takes more than 243 of Earth days to rotate once on its axis. This is even longer compared to the time Venus takes to orbit the Sun which is about 225 Earth days. This may be mainly the reason Venus doesn't contain a magnetic field like majority of the other planets. The core might also be absolutely solid, or could not even exist in the first place. Venus`s average density which is 5.25g/cm3 reveals that Venus, just like the Earth, must be composed of silicate rocks as well as be a differentiated planet. sustaining data for internal models hails from gravity as well as magnetic field readings from Venera, Pioneer Venus together with Magellan spacecraft. It is thought that Venus created a differentiated core made up of the heaviest elements for instance iron sinking to middle of the Venus. It`s however, not known if the core of Venus has yet solidified to the same level as of the Earth's core. Despite the proportions of core, crust and mantle being similar to Earth, the surface revelation is that there are none of moving 'plates' as there exist on Earth that can mean. This shows that either the crust is a bit thicker and planet cannot form, or Venus mantle is not convecting a fast way as Earth's mantle so as to stir the plates around. Previous mission Very less is well-known concerning the interior of Venus compared to what is known about its atmosphere and surface. Previous mission to the space and exploration of the other planets focused more on their surface and atmosphere. These m issions were of atmospheric probe and orbiters types. However, my mission is quite different as it explores the interior of Venus, I mission that is hardly undertaken by scientists. Venus is much like the Earth in density and in overall size and because it most probably accreted from similar materials, as planetary scientist, I expect that Venus formed at least a crudely alike internal state. Therefore, it almost certainly has mantle of dense rock, a core of metal, as well as the crust of lesser dense rock. The

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Reading response - Essay Example He writes a letter in a very persuasive tone so that the president of the United States can annul the treaty signed by a section of individuals from Hawaii whom he purports to be acting in their own interest rather than the great multitude of Hawaii. Although he appears to have lost the battle, he brings out his case clearly for the audience and one can hardly decline to support his course. Having been isolated together with the great multitude of Hawaii during treaty signing, it is only beneficial that LILIUOKALANI pursues the interest of his people and thwarts the efforts of the opposition. Nonetheless, I find it difficult to agree with LILIUOKALANI on his opinion that the president of the United States would rise in his support. For first, the treaty was signed in Washington. This would never have happened without the consent of the government of the United States. LILIUOKALANI does not also tell us the reasons why he has been isolated in the decision to secede Hawaii from America. Is he perpetuating some atrocities against the people of Hawaii? Why is he so determined to prevent Hawaii from attaining independence? Unless these questions are answered, I find it hard to side with